GIMMS NDVI time series reveal the extent,duration, and intensity of “blooming desert” events in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert,Northern Chile     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

The “blooming desert”, or the explosive development and flowering of ephemeral herbaceous and some woody desert species during years with abnormally high accumulated rainfall, is a spectacular biological phenomenon of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) attracting botanists, ecologists, geo-scientists, and the general public from all over the world. However, the number of “blooming deserts”, their geographical distribution and spatio-temporal patterns have not been quantitatively assessed to date. Here, we used NDVI data from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) project to reconstruct the annual land surface phenology (LSP) of the Atacama Desert using a non-parametric statistical approach. From the reconstructed LSP, we detected the “blooming deserts” as positive NDVI anomalies and assessed three dimensions of the events: their temporal extent, intensity of “greening” and spatial extent. We identified 13 “blooming deserts” between 1981 and 2015, of which three (1997–98, 2002–03, and 2011) can be considered major events according to these metrics. The main event occurred in 2011, spanning 180 days between July and December 2011, and spread over 11,136 km² of Atacama dry plains. “Blooming deserts” in Atacama have been triggered by the accumulation of precipitation during a period of 2 to 12 months before and during the events. The proposed three-dimensional approach allowed us to characterize different types of “blooming deserts”: with longer episodes or larger spatial distribution or with different “greening” intensities. Its flexibility to reconstruct different LSP and detect anomalies makes this method a useful tool to study these rare phenomena in other deserts in the world also.  相似文献   

鲁北平原地面沉降现状与机理分析          下载免费PDF全文

段晓飞  孙晓晓  杨亚宾  刘毅 《山东国土资源》2018,34(10)

该文详细论述了鲁北地区水文地质条件、工程地质条件。以多期水准测量数据为基础,以校验后的多年insar解译数据辅助,获取了鲁北地区地面沉降速率及多年累积地面沉降量。结果表明,鲁北平原年沉降速率大于50mm/a的地区面积502.73km~2,区内存在2个显著的沉降中心,一个位于德州市城区西北部张庄,地面累积沉降量超过1.3m,一个位于广饶县县城东北部,多年地面累积沉降量达1.605m,200mm沉降等值线圈闭面积14 904km~2,占鲁北平原区面积的34.34%。分析了鲁北平原地区地面沉降机理,建立了地面沉降与地下水水位相关关系,并针对现状问题提出了防治措施与建议。  相似文献   

A new approach of dynamic monitoring of 5‐day snow cover extent and snow depth based on MODIS and AMSR‐E data from Northern Xinjiang region     

Hui Yu  Xuetong Zhang  Tiangang Liang  Hongjie Xie  Xianwei Wang  Qisheng Feng  Quangong Chen 《水文研究》2012,26(20):3052-3061

Taking the Northern Xinjiang region as an example, we develop a snow depth model by using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) horizontal and vertical polarization brightness temperature difference data of 18 and 36 GHz bands and in situ snow depth measurements from 20 climatic stations during the snow seasons November–March) of 2002–2005. This article proposes a method to produce new 5‐day snow cover and snow depth images, using Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products and AMSR‐E snow water equivalent and daily brightness temperature products. The results indicate that (1) the brightness temperature difference (Tb_18h–Tb_36h) provides the most accurate and precise prediction of snow depth; (2) the snow, land and overall classification accuracies of the new images are separately 89.2%, 77.7% and 87.2% and are much better than those of AMSR‐E or MODIS products (in all weather conditions) alone; (3) the snow classification accuracy increases as snow depth increases; and (4) snow accuracies for different land cover types vary as 88%, 92.3%, 79.7% and 80.1% for cropland, grassland, shrub, and urban and built‐up, respectively. We conclude that the new 5‐day snow cover–snow depth images can provide both accurate cloud‐free snow cover extent and the snow depth dynamics, which would lay a scientific basis for water management and prevention of snow‐related disasters in this dry and cold pastoral area. After validations of the algorithms over other regions with different snow and climate conditions, this method would also be used for monitoring snow cover and snow depth elsewhere in the world. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Reflectance variation in boreal landscape during the snow melting period using airborne imaging spectroscopy     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

We aim a better understanding of the effect of spring-time snow melt on the remotely sensed scene reflectance by using an extensive amount of optical spectral data obtained from an airborne hyperspectral campaign in Northern Finland. We investigate the behaviour of thin snow reflectance for different land cover types, such as open areas, boreal forests and treeless fells. Our results not only confirm the generally known fact that the reflectance of a melting thin snow layer is considerably lower than that of a thick snow layer, but we also present analyses of the reflectance variation over different land covers and in boreal forests as a function of canopy coverage. According to common knowledge, the highly variating reflectance spectra of partially transparent, most likely also contaminated thin snow pack weakens the performance of snow detection algorithms, in particular in the mapping of Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) during the end of the melting period. The obtained results directly support further development of the SCAmod algorithm for FSC retrieval, and can be likewise applied to develop other algorithms for optical satellite data (e.g. spectral unmixing methods), and to perform accuracy assessments for snow detection algorithms.A useful part of this work is the investigation of the competence of Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) in snow detection in late spring, since it is widely used in snow mapping. We conclude, based on the spectral data analysis, that the NDSI -based snow mapping is more accurate in open areas than in forests. However, at the very end of the snow melting period the behavior of the NDSI becomes more unstable and unpredictable in non-forests with shallow snow, increasing the inaccuracy also in non-forested areas. For instance in peatbogs covered by melting snow layer (snow depth < 30 cm) the mean NDSI -0.6 was observed, having coefficient of variation as high as 70%, whereas for deeper snow packs the mean NDSI shows positive values.  相似文献   

哈尔滨黄土的粒度与地球化学特征及其对粉尘物源的指示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

杜慧荣  谢远云  康春国  迟云平  王嘉新  孙磊 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):64-76

哈尔滨黄土位于欧亚黄土带的最东端，对它的风尘物源研究是深层次理解风尘堆积与区域构造-地貌-气候变化耦合关系的关键。然而，对哈尔滨黄土地球化学组成的研究尚未开展，对其性质还存在认识上的不统一。为此，我们研究了哈尔滨天恒山剖面L₁黄土层的粒度和地球化学组成，并对其化学风化和物源等展开讨论。为了示踪哈尔滨黄土的物源，我们还对东北沙地（浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地和松嫩沙地）进行了表土采样和地球化学分析。结果表明：哈尔滨黄土不含细砂组分（125~250 μm），含有极细砂组分（63~125 μm，4.8%~10.5%），粉砂（4~63 μm）和黏土组分（<4 μm）占绝对优势，分别占73%~82%和12%~18%；粒度模式为三峰态分布（众数分别为36~40、8~10 μm和0.8 μm），与黄土高原典型黄土的粒度分布模式一致，但明显粗于黄土高原中部黄土。哈尔滨黄土经历了初级的化学风化过程，具有较低的成熟度和再循环历史。单靠地球化学方法不能很好地确定哈尔滨黄土的物源，但整合的方法（包括粒度、元素和同位素组成、MDS和PCA统计方法以及自然地理要素等）很好确定了哈尔滨黄土有一个混合源，松嫩沙地松花江水系沉积物为哈尔滨黄土提供了主要的粉尘贡献，浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地为哈尔滨黄土提供了部分细颗粒粉尘。  相似文献   

东营市土地资源承载能力分析          下载免费PDF全文

于冠营  樊智  齐卉青  宋富贵  袁峥 《山东国土资源》2007,23(2):54-56

本文通过分析东营市土地资源的特点,经济和社会发展对土地的需求,以及土地后备资源的潜力,研究了东营市土地资源承载能力,提出了实现东营市耕地总量平衡的措施。  相似文献   

禹城市土地利用与生态环境的关系          下载免费PDF全文

张霞  邢仁峰  马淑玲  苑金环 《山东国土资源》2008,24(5):50-52

生态环境问题已成为当今世界制约可持续发展最为重要的问题，土地利用变化可引起生态环境的改变。根据禹城市土地利用结构的变化情况，分析土地利用与生态环境的关系，指出土地利用结构的变化可导致生态环境的改变。要保护好生态环境，就必须科学合理地利用土地。  相似文献   

Diel microbial variations at a coastal Northern Adriatic station affected by Po River outflows     

Mauro Celussi  Alessandro Paoli  Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry  Mauro Bastianini  Paola Del Negro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Diel sampling was performed during an early spring survey in the Northern Adriatic Sea at a coastal station off the Po River delta. Samples were taken every 6 h at spring tide maxima and minima in the sub-superficial layer, at the maximum fluorescence depth (∼3 m). Variations in microbial community structure and its processes were assessed by considering heterotrophic bacteria, picocyanobacteria, viruses, exoenzymatic activities, microphytoplankton, nanoplankton and bacterial/cyanobacterial Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles. A considerable diatom bloom, mostly supported by Skeletonema marinoi was detected. All microbial parameters except viruses, showed a sinusoidal trend with a 12 h period; only picocyanobacteria expressed relative maxima during high tide, showing a phase in opposition to the other parameters. No substantial changes in DGGE band patterns were detected. Even though the results showed bacterial activities to be influenced by the phytoplankton bloom, all microbial parameters' diel trends (except viruses) preferentially followed the tidal fluctuation rather than the light:dark cycle.  相似文献   

Structural styles and depositional architecture in the Triassic of the Ninian and Alwyn North fields: Implications for basin development and prospectivity in the Northern North Sea     

Mark Tomasso  John R. Underhill  Richard A. Hodgkinson  Mike J. Young   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2008,25(7):588-605

Interpretation of well-calibrated three-dimensional seismic volumes, sedimentological analysis and electrical well-log correlations from the Ninian and Alwyn North fields challenge the long-held view that Mid-Late Jurassic extensional faults in the East Shetland Basin represent a simple reactivation of older (Triassic) fault systems. Restoration for the effects of the younger, predominantly eastward-dipping, Mid-Late Jurassic structures clearly demonstrates that Triassic precursors had a steep, westerly dip. In contrast to the eastern flank of the Viking Graben (e.g. Troll and Oseberg areas), where the west-dipping Triassic structures are reutilised in the Mid-Late Jurassic, those of the East Shetland Basin have largely been dissected and rotated during the later event. Those west-dipping faults that did see later movement appear to have simply acted as minor antithetic structures to the throughgoing east-dipping ones.The Triassic normal fault patterns actively controlled sediment thicknesses and facies distribution within the Lunde and Teist Formations in the basin. Use of seismic stratigraphic surfaces, calibrated by biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphic markers, provides strong evidence that the Triassic depocentres are spatially offset from their Mid-Late Jurassic counterparts. The combination of structural, stratigraphic and sedimentary effects reveal the existence of an emergent deeper Triassic play opportunity in footwall locations to the Mid-Late Jurassic normal faults, which has the potential to extend the life of what is otherwise mature acreage.  相似文献   

基于多源数据的北疆一次持续性浓雾天气过程的演变特征     

王清平  张亚莉  万瑜  朱雯娜  陈阳权  李静轩 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(2):84-92

利用常规高空地面、机场跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)、微波辐射计及FY4A新一代静止气象卫星等资料对2019年12月9～13日发生于北疆沿天山一带的一次持续性浓雾天气进行观测特征及演变分析，结果表明：（1）此次大雾天气过程是发生在500 hPa高空脊区控制，低层不断有暖平流东伸，地面位于蒙古冷高压后部均压场的大尺度环流背景下。（2）大雾发生前，地面明显升温有利于地表融雪、水汽蒸发，这为浓雾的形成和维持提供有利的水汽条件。浓雾维持期间，地面风速维持1 m.s-1左右的弱风场，温度露点差≤2℃，空气接近饱和，准噶尔盆地低洼地形均为浓雾维持提供有力环境条件。浓雾消散期间，风速增大，急剧降温，快速增湿，有利于雾滴凝结为米雪，使得浓雾消散。（3）Brunt-Vaisala（布伦特-维萨拉）指数能较好的反映浓雾期间边界层稳定度，并能提炼出相关稳定度阈值。浓雾期间相对湿度≥85%高度层主要集中在100米以下的贴地层，持续深厚的湿度层为浓雾形成和持续提供较好水汽条件，大雾期间强逆温层顶主要维持在600 m高度，当逆温层顶高度抬升时，有利于雾滴粒子、水汽粒子向上扩散，能见度好转。（4）FY4A卫星的多通道可见光及红外通道差图像能较好的监视白天及夜间大雾的形成、维持及生消变化，对于业务中短时临近预报有较好的帮助。  相似文献